A 1 km global dataset of historical (1979–2013) and future (2020–2100) Köppen–Geiger climate classification and bioclimatic variables

Abstract. The Köppen–Geiger classification scheme provides an effective and ecologically meaningful way to characterize climatic conditions has been widely applied in climate change studies. Significant changes the Köppen climates have observed projected last 2 centuries. Current accuracy, temporal coverage spatial resolution of historical future maps cannot sufficiently fulfill current needs research. Comprehensive assessment impacts requires a more accurate depiction fine-grained continuous long-term time coverage. Here, we present series improved 1 km for six periods 1979–2013 four 2020–2099 under RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5. are derived from multiple downscaled observational datasets, ensemble bias-corrected CMIP5 projections. In addition maps, calculate 12 bioclimatic variables at resolution, providing detailed descriptions annual averages, seasonality, stressful climates. new offer higher accuracy than existing map products demonstrate ability capture recent distributions zones. On regional continental scales, show depictions topographic features correspond closely with vegetation distributions. We also provide heuristic application example detect global-scale area This high-resolution dataset can be used conjunction species distribution models promote biodiversity conservation analyze identify interannual or interdecadal zones on global scale. referred as KGClim is publicly available via http://glass.umd.edu/KGClim (Cui et al., 2021d)​​​​​​​ downloaded https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347837 2021c) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542076 2021b) climate.